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What is a Road Safety Audit?

A Road Safety Audit is an evaluation of a highway improvement scheme during design, at the end of construction and post-construction, to identify road safety problems and to suggest measures to eliminate or mitigate any concerns. Road Safety Audits are undertaken by teams of specialists trained in the skills of accident investigation or road safety engineering.

All strategic road schemes and the majority of new works are required to have an independent Road Safety Audit. Road Safety Audits aim to identify potential road safety hazards arising from planned changes to the road layout but they are not technical checks against design standards or traffic regulations.

In carrying out Road Safety Audits, the Audit team should consider road safety issues for all road users and will ask two key questions of the scheme

• Who could be hurt in a collision on this part of the road and how could that happen?
• What can be done to reduce the potential for that collision or to limit its consequences?

Road Safety Audits

Safety Audits are conducted in accordance with HD19/03 of the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (Road Safety Audit)

Road Safety Audits go through four key phases and are as follows:-

• Stage 1 Road Safety Audit
• Completion of preliminary design, preferably prior to the submission for planning permission
• Stage 2 Road Safety Audit
• Completion of detailed design, usually before the tender documents have been submitted
• Stage 3 Road Safety Audit
• Completion of construction prior to opening (or completion if on a ‘live’ highway)
• Stage 4 Road Safety Audit
• Accident monitoring (12 months and 36 months after opening of the highway scheme)

Sometimes the Safety Audits can be combined; most often if the works are smaller in nature, or time scales are tight a Stage 1 & 2 Road Safety Audit maybe carried out together.

Some highway improvement schemes may not require a Stage 4 Road Safety Audits unless the relevant authority request further accident monitoring/investigation.

The Road Safety Audit team members may be from the same company undertaking the Highway Improvement scheme design but have to be independent of any scheme design or process.

Road Safety Audits may be undertaken on highway schemes covering:

• Major and minor highway improvements
• Traffic management and calming schemes
• Pedestrian and cycling schemes
• Roundabout junctions
• New or amended traffic signal junctions
• Priority junctions
• Motorway improvement

Non-Motorised User Audits

Government policy encourages consideration of the needs of non-motorised users and supports efforts to increase safety and accessibility by non-motorised modes.

The non-motorised user audit is defined as: A systematic process applied to Highway Schemes, by which the Design Team identifies scheme objectives for non-motorised users, documents the design decisions affecting non-motorised users, and reviews designs and construction to assess how well objectives have been achieved.

Non-motorised users are considered to be pedestrians, cyclists and equestrians. Non-motorised user audits require particular consideration to be given to the needs of disabled people, who may use any of these modes or other equipment such as wheelchairs.

Require Assistance with a Road Safety Audit?

Sanderson Associates have extensive experience in providing Road Safety Audits for a wide variety of major and minor developments throughout the whole of the UK, Isle of Man and Ireland.

We would be pleased to provide you with our competitive fee proposal to provide you with our Road Safety Audit Services, please call us on 01924 844080 or click here to complete our secure online form.

What our Clients' say:

Stages of a Road Safety Audit

There are four different stages of a Road Safety Audit each forming their own independent report but refer to each other and these are detailed below:-

Stage 1

Stage 1 Road Safety Audits are undertaken at the completion of preliminary design and where possible, before planning consent is granted. This is the last occasion at which land requirements may be increased and it is therefore essential to consider fully any road safety issues which may have a bearing upon land take before planning consent is granted. At the Road Safety Audit Stage 1 all team members shall visit together and examine the existing highway layout or features and where the new highway improvement scheme ties into the existing highway.

Stage 1 – Completion of Preliminary Design

• Will the new road drain adequately
• Can all accesses be used safely
• Are horizontal and vertical alignments consistent with required visibility
• Is provision for right turning vehicles required
• Have pedestrian and cycle routes been provided where required
• Are lighting columns located at new junctions and where adjoining existing roads
• Are any road markings proposed at this stage appropriate

Please see the Stage One Road Safety Audit Checklist

Stage 2

Stage 2 Road Safety Audits are undertaken at completion of the detailed design stage of the works. The Audit Team will be able to consider the layout of junctions, position of signs, carriageway markings, lighting provision and other issues. At the Road Safety Audit Stage 2 all team members shall visit together and examine the existing highway layout or features and where the new highway improvement scheme ties into the existing highway.

Stage 2 – Completion of Detailed Design

• General basic design principals
• Local alignment
• Visibility
• Junctions layout and visibility
• Non motorised user provision
• Road signs, carriageway markings and lighting

Please see the Stage Two Road Safety Audit Checklist

Stage 3

The Stage 3 Road Safety Audit should be undertaken when the Highway Improvement Scheme is substantially complete and preferably before the works are open to road users. The Audit Team will examine the scheme site during daylight and during the hours of darkness, so hazards particular to night operation can also be identified. The Audit Team Leader shall invite representatives of the Police, the Local Authority and Maintaining Agent to accompany the Audit Team to offer their views for the Stage 3 Audit.

Stage 3 – Completion of Construction

• The Audit Team should consider whether the design has been properly translated into the scheme as constructed and that no inherent road safety defect has been incorporated into the works.
• Particular attention should be paid to design changes which have occurred during construction.
• Design principles
• Local Alignment
• Visibility
• Junction layouts
• Non motorised user provision
• Road signs, carriageway markings and lighting

Please see the Stage Three Road Safety Audit Checklist

Stage 4 - (Monitoring)

During the first year a Highway Improvement Scheme is open to traffic, a check should be kept on the number of personal injury accidents that occur, so that any serious problems can be identified and remedial work arranged quickly. Stage 4 accident monitoring reports shall be prepared using 12 months and 36 months accident data from the time the scheme became operational.
These reports shall be submitted to the Overseeing Organisation. The accident records shall be analysed in detail to identify:

• Locations at which personal injury accidents have occurred
• Personal injury accidents that appear to arise from similar causes or show common factors.

The analysis should include identification of changes in the accident population in terms of number, types, and other accident variables, and comparisons should be made with control data. Where the Highway Improvement Scheme is an on-line improvement then the accident record before the scheme was built should be compared with the situation after opening. The accident data should be analysed to identify the influence of problems and recommendations identified at previous audit stages, and any Exception Reports.
If accident records are not sufficiently comprehensive for detailed analysis, the police should be contacted to ascertain the availability of statements and report forms, which could aid the 36-month data analysis.
The accident monitoring reports should identify any road safety problems indicated by the data analysis and observations during any site visits undertaken. The reports should make recommendations for remedial action.

Exception Report or Designers Response Report

It is the Design Team’s responsibility to ensure that all problems raised by the Audit Team are given due consideration. If the Design Team considers any problem raised to be insignificant or is outside the terms of reference, or that the solutions recommended are not suitable given the relevant economic and environmental constraints, the Design Team shall prepare a Designers Response Report giving reasons and proposing alternatives.  At each audit stage, the Designers are invited to respond to the audit.
The Design Team shall provide copies of the designers response report to the audit team leader for action and information respectively.
A copy of the report is also given to the Local Highway Authority as they have the ultimate decision on whether to accept the recommendations of the audit team and/or the responses of the design team.

Require Assistance with a Road Safety Audit?

Sanderson Associates have extensive experience in providing Road Safety Audits for a wide variety of major and minor developments throughout the whole of the UK, Isle of Man and Ireland.
We would be pleased to provide you with our competitive fee proposal to provide you with our Road Safety Audit Services, please call us on 01924 844080 or click here to complete our secure online form.

Stage One Road Safety Audit Checklist

Completion of Preliminary Design

List A1 – General

Item	Possible Issues
Departures from Standards	What are the road safety implications of any approved Departures from Standards or Relaxations?
Cross-sections	How safely do the cross-sections accommodate drainage, ducting, signing, fencing, lighting and pedestrian and cycle routes?
Cross-sectional Variation	What are the road safety implications if the standard of the proposed scheme differs from adjacent lengths?
Drainage	Will the new road drain adequately?
Landscaping	Could areas of landscaping conflict with sight lines (including during windy conditions)?
Public Utilities/Services Apparatus	Have the road safety implications been considered?
Lay-bys	Has adequate provision been made for vehicles to stop off the carriageway including picnic areas? How will parked vehicles affect sight lines?
Access	Can all accesses be used safely? Can multiple accesses be linked into one service road? Are there any conflicts between turning and parked vehicles?
Emergency Vehicles	Has provision been made for safe access by emergency vehicles?
Future Widening	Where a single carriageway scheme is to form part of future dual carriageway, is it clear to road users that the road is for two-way traffic?
Adjacent Development	Does adjacent development cause interference/confusion e.g. lighting or traffic signals on adjacent road may affect a road user’s perception of the road ahead?
Basic Design Principles	Are the overall design principles appropriate for the predicted level of use for all road users?

List A2 – Local Alignment

Item	Possible Issues
Visibility	Are horizontal and vertical alignments consistent with required visibility? Will sight lines be obstructed by permanent and temporary features e.g. bridge abutments and parked vehicles?
New/Existing Road Interface	Will the proposed scheme be consistent with standards on adjacent lengths of road and if not, is this made obvious to the road user? Does interface occur near any hazard, i.e. crest, bend, after steep gradient?
Vertical Alignment	Are climbing lanes to be provided?

List A3 – Junctions

Item	Possible Issues
Layout	Is provision for right turning vehicles required? Are acceleration/deceleration lanes required? Are splitter islands required on minor arms to assist pedestrians or formalise road users movements to/from the junction? Are there any unusual features that affect road safety? Are widths and swept paths adequate for all road users? Will large vehicles overrun pedestrian or cycle facilities? Are there any conflicts between turning and parked vehicles? Are any junctions sited on a crest?
Visibility	Are sight lines adequate on and through junction approaches and from the minor arm? Are visibility splays adequate and clear of obstructions such as street furniture and landscaping?

List A4 – Non Motorised User Provision

Item	Possible Issues
Adjacent Land	Will the scheme have an adverse effect on safe use of adjacent land?
Pedestrian/Cyclists	Have pedestrian and cycle routes been provided where required? Do shared facilities take account of the needs of all user groups? Can verge strip dividing footways and carriageways be provided? Can verge strip dividing footways and carriageways be provided? Where footpaths have been diverted, will the new alignment permit the same users free access? Are footbridges/subways sited to attract maximum use? Is specific provision required for special and vulnerable groups i.e. the young, elderly, mobility and visually impaired? Are tactile paving, flush kerbs and guard railing proposed? Is it specified correctly and in the best location? Have needs been considered, especially at junctions? Are these routes clear of obstructions such as signposts, lamp columns etc?
Equestrians	Have needs been considered? Does the scheme involve the diversions of bridleways?

List A5 – Road Signs, Carriageway Markings and Lighting

Item	Possible Issues
Signs	Are sign gantries needed?
Lighting	Is scheme to be lit? Has lighting been considered at new junctions and where adjoining existing roads? Are lighting columns located in the best positions e.g. behind safety fences?
Poles/Columns	Will poles/columns be appropriately located and protected?
Road Markings	Are any road markings proposed at this stage appropriate?

Require Assistance with a Road Safety Audit?

Sanderson Associates have extensive experience in providing Road Safety Audits for a wide variety of major and minor developments throughout the whole of the UK, Isle of Man and Ireland.
We would be pleased to provide you with our competitive fee proposal to provide you with our Road Safety Audit Services, please call us on 01924 844080 or click here to complete our secure online form.